Herbicidal methods employing derivatives of N-phosphonomethylglycine

ABSTRACT

A new class of compounds, prepared by reacting a salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine with a cyclic anhydride, have utility as post-emergent herbicides.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 682,243 filed May 3, 1976,now U.S. Pat. No. 4,197,254.

This invention relates to a novel class of organic chemical compounds.More particularly, the invention is concerned with novel derivatives ofN-phosphonomethylglycine obtained by reacting a salt of the glycine witha cyclic anhydride. This class of compounds have been found to be usefulas post-emergent herbicides.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,799,758 and 3,868,407 describe the use ofN-phosphonomethylglycine, and certain esters, amides and salts thereof,as phytotoxicants or herbicides to destroy undesirable plants. A verysimilar class of compounds, also including certain simple N-acylderivatives, is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,853,530 as useful for thenon-lethal regulation of the natural growth or development of desirableplants such as crops. In addition, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,888,915, 3,910,969and 3,933,946 describe various other N-substituted derivatives ofN-phosphonomethylglycine for either or both of the above-mentioned uses.The particular substituents described are nitroso, phenylsulfonamido andhydroxy, respectively.

The novel compounds of the present invention can be illustrated by theformula ##STR1## wherein Y is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl andalkali metal, each Z is selected from hydrogen and alkali metal, and Ris selected from vinylene, methylvinylene, alkylene having a chainlength of 2 to 3 carbon atoms between the free valences and a total ofup to 8 carbon atoms, the monochloro derivatives of such vinylene andalkylene, phenylene, carboxyphenylene, 3-nitrophenylene, tolylene,cyclohexenylene methylcyclohexenylene cycloalkyene of 4 to 6 carbonatoms, dicarboxycycloalkylene of 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms,dicarboxybenzoylphenylene, norbornenylene, norbornylidene,N-methylpyrrolylidene, pyridylidene, picolylidene and thienylidene,provided that the free valences on the cyclic radicals must be in orthorelationship with respect to the ring carbon atoms. As employed herein,the term "lower alkyl" connotes the straight and branched chainaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Within the genus of the above formula, preferred compounds for purposesof this invention are those wherein R is phenylene, cyclohexenylene oralkylene having a chain length of 2 to 3 carbon atoms between the freevalences and a total of up to 5 carbon atoms.

As will be described below, one of the reactants employed in preparingthese novel compounds is a cyclic anhydride. It should be recognizedthat R in the above formula represents the central core of such ananhydride if the ##STR2## group is removed. The alkylene radicalsrepresented by R are those wherein the chain is obtained from succinicor glutaric anhydride, and they include the substituted chains such asthose from 3,3-dimethylglutaric, 2,4-diethylglutaric and2,2-dipropylsuccinic anhydrides. The cyclic radicals represented by Rare those wherein the ring is obtained from anhydrides such as phthalic,the isomeric tetrahydrophthalics, tri- and hemimellitic, pyridine-,thiophene- and norbornanedicarboxylic, the cycloalkane dicarboxylics andthe like. In the specific case where R represents tolylene, it should beunderstood that this includes the rings obtained from the isomericmethylphthalic anhydrides and also from homophthalic anhydride (theα,2-tolylene radical).

It should also be recognized that the cyclic anhydrides which areemployed as reactants herein include certain dianhydrides such asbenzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the cycloaliphatictetracarboxylic dianhydrides. As illustrated in certain of the examplesbelow, reaction takes place across one of the anhydride groups while thesecond anhydride group is opened to produce ortho dicarboxysubstituents.

The novel compounds of the present invention are prepared by condensingthe appropriate cyclic anhydride with a di(alkali metal) salt ofN-phosphonomethylglycine or with a mono(alkali metal) salt of a loweralkyl glycinate. Said salts are obtained by adding alkali metalhydroxide to the N-phosphonomethylglycine or glycinate in theconventional manner, it being understood that the product of suchaddition will contain a hydroxyl group attached to the phosphorus atom.The anhydride and the salt can be employed in about equimolarquantities, although it is preferred to employ an excess of saidanhydride to assist in completion of the reaction.

This reaction is generally conducted at about room temperature, andcooling means can be used if exothermic increases occur. During thisreaction the pH should be in the range of about 6 to 10, preferablyabout 7 to 9, and this pH range can be readily maintained by periodicadditions of alkali as needed.

The product of this reaction is a tri-salt of the formula above (whereinY and each Z are alkali metal) or a glycinate di-salt (wherein Y islower alkyl and each Z is alkali metal). As hereinafter described, saidproduct can be used in this form, without isolation or purification, orit can be acidified to remove the alkali metal. Acidification of thereaction product may be accomplished in some cases by treatment with HClalthough this procedure can cause partial or complete reversal of thereaction. It is much preferred, therefore, to acidify the salt productvia ion exchange chromatography using an ion exchange resin in the acidform.

The following illustrative, non-limiting examples will furtherdemonstrate to those skilled in the art the manner in which specificcompounds of this invention can be prepared.

EXAMPLE I

A slurry of 16.9 grams (0.10 mole) of N-phosphonomethylglycine in 30 ml.of water is treated at once with 16 grams (0.20 mole) of 50% aqueoussodium hydroxide. This solution is stirred and cooled to 5°-15° C. toyield the disodium salt of said glycine. An 18.5 gram (0.125 mole)portion of phthalic anhydride, ground to a fine powder in a mortar, isadded to the salt solution with vigorous stirring at 20°-25° C.Periodically, 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to maintain a pH ofabout 6. After stirring overnight, an additional 2.9 grams of phthalicanhydride is added, along with sodium hydroxide to maintain a pH ofabout 8. The reaction mixture is concentrated below 60° C. and dried togive a brittle foamed glass. A 10 gram portion of the product in 40 ml.of water is then passed through a column of Dowex 50 ion exchange resinin the acid form, and 50 ml. cuts are collected. The second cut is driedtwice to yield N-carboxymethyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)phthalamic acid as acolorless glass. Elemental analysis gives 40.97% carbon, 4.25% hydrogenand 9.34% phosphorus as against calculated values of 41.65%, 3.81% and9.77% for C₁₁ H₁₂ NO₈ P. ##STR3##

EXAMPLE II

A solution of the disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is preparedas described in Example I and 11.0 grams (0.11 mole) of finely groundmaleic anhydride is added with stirring. Some sodium hydroxide is addedto keep the pH at almost 9, and a small portion of ether is added tohelp dissolve particles of the anhydride. Stirring is continued forseveral days, and 2.0 or 4.0 gram portions of maleic anhydride are addeduntil no further N-phosphonomethylglycine remains in the reactionmixture. During this period, small portions of sodium hydroxide areadded as needed to maintain a pH of about 8. When reaction is complete,the mixture is filtered, rinsed with water, concentrated and then dried.The product, containing disodium maleate by-product, is obtained as acolorless glass, and it is identified by nuclear magnetic resonance(nmr) as the trisodium salt ofN-carboxymethyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)maleamic acid. ##STR4##

EXAMPLE III

The disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is prepared as describedin Example I using 8.5 grams of the glycine in 15 ml. of water and about8.1 grams of the sodium hydroxide. The salt solution is cooled andstirred while 5.5 grams of succinic anhydride is added in portions overa period of about 2 hours. Additional sodium hydroxide is addedperiodically to maintain pH in the desired range, and stirring iscontinued overnight. The reaction mixture is passed through a column ofion exchange resin in the acid form and dried to a colorless gum. Thisproduct is dissolved in water and again passed through the column. Thefirst two 50 ml. cuts are dried, redissolved and redried to yieldN-carboxymethyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)succinamic acid (in the monohydrateform) as a colorless glass. Elemental analysis gives 29.46% carbon,4.57% hydrogen and 10.58% phosphorus as against calculated values of29.28%, 4.91% and 10.79% for C₇ H₁₂ NO₈ P.H₂ O. ##STR5##

EXAMPLE IV

The disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is prepared as describedin Example III. The salt solution is stirred while 8.5 grams of3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride is added, along with sodiumhydroxide to maintain the pH above 8. The reaction mixture is rotatedovernight, after which a further 1.0 gram of anhydride is added and thereaction mixture stirred to completion. The mixture is filtered to yielda pink solution containing some disodium tetrahydrophthalate as aby-product. The reaction product is identified by nmr as the trisodiumsalt of N-carboxymethyl-N-phosphonomethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalamicacid. ##STR6##

EXAMPLE V

The disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is prepared as describedin Example III. The salt solution is stirred and cooled while 8.5 gramsof 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride is added in small portions.After rotating overnight, three further 0.5 gram portions of anhydrideare added periodically, along with sodium hydroxide to maintain the pHabove 8. The reaction mixture is then concentrated, dried, redissolvedin water and passed through a column of ion exchange resin in the acidform. The second 50 ml. cut is dried to yieldN-carboxymethyl-N-phosphonomethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalamic acid (inthe monohydrate form) as a colorless, friable glass. Elemental analysisgives 40.15% carbon, 5.31% hydrogen and 8.94% phosphorus as againstcalculated values of 38.95%, 5.35% and 9.13% for C₁₁ H₁₆ NO₈ P.H₂ O.##STR7##

EXAMPLE VI

A solution of about 0.042 moles of the disodium salt ofN-phosphonomethylglycine is prepared as described above, and 8.67 grams(0.045 mole) of 3-nitrophthalic anhydride is added with stirring andcooling. Small portions of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide are addedperiodically to maintain the pH in the desired range, and 2.0 grams ofanhydride is added to complete the reaction. The dried and redissolvedreaction mixture is passed through a column of ion exchange resin in theacid form. The second 50 ml. cut is dried twice to yieldN-carboxymethyl-N-phosphonomethyl-(3- and 6-nitro)phthalamic acid (inthe dihydrate form) as a cream colored brittle glass. The productsinters at 80° C. and shows decomposition at 165° C. Elemental analysisgives 7.10% nitrogen and 7.59% phosphorus as against calculated valuesof 7.03% and 7.78% for C₁₁ H₁₁ N₂ O₁₀ P. 2H₂ O. ##STR8##

EXAMPLE VII

The disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is prepared as describedin Example III, and 9.0 grams of 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydrideis added with stirring and cooling. After rotating overnight, a further3.0 gram portion of the anhydride is added, and a final 0.5 gram portionis added several hours later to complete the reaction. During thisperiod, small amounts of sodium hydroxide are added to maintain the pHabove 7. The reaction mixture is then filtered to yield a product,containing disodium 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate as a byproduct, as acolorless solution. Said product is identified by nmr as the trisodiumsalt of N-carboxymethyl-N-phosphonomethyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxamicacid. ##STR9##

EXAMPLE VIII

The disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is prepared as describedin Example III, and 8.1 grams of homophthalic anhydride is added withstirring. Several small portions of 1.0 or 1.5 grams of anhydride arethen added to complete the reaction, and aqueous sodium hydroxide isperiodically added to maintain the pH in the desired range. The reactionsolution is diluted with water, filtered to remove solids, and thenpassed through a column of ion exchange resin in the acid form. Thefirst two 50 ml. cuts are dried, redissolved in water and redried toyield N-carboxymethyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)homophthalamic acid as a verylight yellow brittle glass which sinters at 80° C. with decomposition at155° C. Elemental analysis gives 43.49% carbon, 4.22% hydrogen and 8.77%phosphorus as against calculated values of 43.52%, 4.26% and 9.35% forC₁₂ H₁₄ NO₈ P. ##STR10##

EXAMPLE IX

The disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is prepared as describedin Example III, and 6.3 grams of cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydrideis added with stirring. A few drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide isperiodically added to maintain the pH at about 8, and a further 0.6 gramportion of anhydride is added to complete the reaction. The reactionmixture is dried and redissolved in water, after which it is passedthrough a column of ion exchange resin in the acid form. The second 50ml. cut is dried twice to yieldN-carboxymethyl-N-phosphonomethyl-2-carboxycyclobutanecarboxamide as awhite, brittle glass which sinters at about 87° C. and showsdecomposition at 172° C. Elemental analysis gives 35.64% carbon, 4.69%hydrogen and 10.07% phosphorus as against calculated values of 36.62%,4.78% and 10.49% for C₉ H₁₄ NO₈ P. ##STR11##

EXAMPLE X

The disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is prepared as describedin Example III, and 6.0 grams of methyl-succinic anhydride is added withstirring. The mixture is cooled, and 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide isadded to maintain a pH of about 8. Two further 1.0 gram portions ofanhydride are added, along with alkali, to complete the reaction. The pHis then lowered to below 8 with acetic acid, after which the reactionmixture is diluted with water and passed through a column of ionexchange resin in the acid form. The second 50 ml. cut is dried twice toyield N-carboxymethyl-N-phosphonomethyl-2-methylsuccinamic acid (in themonohydrate form) as a foamed glass. Elemental analysis gives 32.77%carbon, 5.10% hydrogen and 9.97% phosphorus as against calculated valuesof 31.90%, 5.35% and 10.28% for C₈ H₁₄ NO₈ P.H₂ O. ##STR12##

EXAMPLE XI

The disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is prepared as describedin Example III, and 8.5 grams of cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydrideis added with stirring. The anhydride dissolves slowly, and sodiumhydroxide is added periodically in small amounts to maintain a pH ofabout 8. A further 1.0 gram portion of the anhydride is added tocomplete the reaction, and the reaction mixture is filtered to yield aproduct as a colorless solution, containing disodiumcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate as a by-product. Said product isidentified by nmr as the trisodium salt ofN-carboxymethyl-N-phosphonomethyl-2-carboxycyclohexanecarboxamic acid.##STR13##

EXAMPLE XII

The disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is prepared as describedin Example III, and 7.8 grams of 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic anhydride isadded with stirring. Two further 2.0 gram portions of the anhydride areadded to complete the reaction, and small amounts of 50% aqueous sodiumhydroxide are periodically added to maintain the pH in the desiredrange. The reaction mixture is passed through a column of ion exchangeresin in the acid form, and the first several cuts are dried twice toyield N-carboxymethyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)quinolinamic acid (in themonohydrate form) as a friable white solid. Elemental analysis gives36.23% carbon, 3.89% hydrogen, 8.38% nitrogen and 9.24% phosphorus asagainst calculated values of 35.73%, 3.90%, 8.33% and 9.21% for C₁₀ H₁₁N₂ O₈ P.H₂ O. ##STR14##

EXAMPLE XIII

A solution of the disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is preparedas described in Example I except that 0.03 mole of the glycine and 0.06mole of the hydroxide are employed. To this solution there is added 6.4grams of trimellitic anhydride with stirring, and small amounts of 50%aqueous sodium hydroxide are added periodically to maintain a pH of 7-9.Further, 1.0 and 2.0 gram portions of the anhydride are added tocomplete the reaction. A portion of the reaction mixture was passedthrough a column of ion exchange resin in the acid form, after whichseveral cuts were recombined and made slightly alkaline. An additional1.0 gram of anhydride, along with alkali, is added to the resultantsolution, which is then concentrated and passed through another ionexchange column. The first two 20 ml. cuts are dried twice to yieldN-carboxymethyl-N-phosphonomethyl-2,4-dicarboxybenzamide (in themonohydrate form) as a colorless friable glass. Elemental analysis gives38.30% carbon, 3.26% hydrogen, 3.82% nitrogen and 8.15% phosphorus asagainst calculated values of 38.00%, 3.72%, 3.69% and 8.16% for C₁₂ H₁₂NO₁₀ P.H₂ O. ##STR15##

EXAMPLE XIV

A solution of the disodium salt of N-phoshonomethylglycine is preparedas described in Example XIII, and 4.7 grams of 3,3-dimethylglutaricanhydride is added with stirring. Periodic additions of 50% aqueoussodium hydroxide are made to maintain a pH of 8-9, and further 1.5 and1.0 gram portions of anhydride are added to complete the reaction. Thereaction mixture is then passed through a column of an ion exchangeresin in the acid form, and the first three 20 ml. cuts are dried toyield N-carboxymethyl-N-phosphonomethyl-3,3-dimethylglutaramic acid as acolorless glass. Elemental analysis gives 39.18% carbon, 6.06% hydrogen,3.84% nitrogen and 8.38% phosphorus as against calculated values of38.59%, 5.83%, 4.50% and 9.95% for C₁₀ H₁₈ NO₈ P. ##STR16##

EXAMPLE XV

A solution of the disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is preparedas described in Example XIII, and 4.7 grams of 2,2-dimethylglutaricanhydride is added with stirring. Periodic additions of small amounts ofsodium hydroxide are made to maintain a pH of 8-9, and further 2.0 and1.5 gram portions of anhydride are added to complete the reaction. Thereaction mixture is then passed through a column of ion exchange resinin the acid form. The second and third 20 ml. cuts are combined anddried to yield N-carboxymethyl-N-phosphonomethyl-2,2-dimethylglutaramicacid as an amber glass. Elemental analysis gives 38.81% carbon, 5.91%hydrogen, 4.06% nitrogen and 8.92% phosphorus as against calculatedvalues of 38.59%, 5.83%, 4.50% and 9.95% for C₁₀ H₁₈ NO₈ P. ##STR17##

EXAMPLE XVI

A suitable reaction vessel is charged with 3.94 grams (0.02 mole) ofethyl N-phosphonomethylglycinate in 15 ml. of water. While cooling belowabout 15° C. in an icebath, 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide is added toobtain a pH of about 8. There is then added 2.51 grams (0.022 mole) ofmethylsuccinic anhydride with stirring and continued cooling. Twofurther 1.0 gram portions of anhydride are added to complete thereaction, the pH being maintained with additional alkali. The reactionmixture is diluted with water and passed through a column of ionexchange resin in the acid form. The first seven 20 ml. cuts arecombined in 20 ml. of water, and a further 1.2 gram portion of anhydrideis added. The resultant reaction mixture is passed through the column,and the first four 20 ml. cuts are combined and dried. The product iscooled in dry ice to yieldN-carbethoxymethyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)-2-methylsuccinamic acid (in themonohydrate form) as a clear glass-gum. Elemental analysis gives 4.01%nitrogen and 9.13% phosphorus as against calculated values of 4.25% and9.40% for C₁₀ H₁₈ NO₈ P.H₂ O. ##STR18##

EXAMPLE XVII

Ethyl N-phosphonomethylglycinate in water is cooled and treated withsodium hydroxide as described in Example XVI. There is then added 3.0grams of 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic anhydride with stirring. Two further1.0 gram portions of anhydride are added to complete the reaction, thepH being maintained with additional alkali. The reaction mixture isdiluted with water and passed through a column of ion exchange resin inthe acid form. The first six 20 ml. cuts are combined and dried to yieldN-carbethoxymethyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)-quinolinamic acid as a friableglass. Elemental analysis gives 7.94% nitrogen and 8.93% phosphorus asagainst calculated values of 8.09% and 8.95% for C₁₂ H₁₅ N₂ O₈ P.##STR19##

EXAMPLE XVIII

A suitable reaction vessel is charged with 5.47 grams (0.02 mole) ofethyl N-[hydroxy(phenoxy)phosphonomethyl]glycinate in 50 ml. of water,and 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide is added with cooling to obtain a pHjust below 8. There is then added 3.3 grams (0.022 mole) of phthalicanhydride in the form of flakes, and the pH level is maintained withsmall periodic additions of alkali until the reaction is complete. Thereaction mixture is diluted with water and passed through a column ofion exchange resin in the acid form. The fourth and fifth 20 ml. cutsare combined, dried to a foam and redried. The product obtained isN-carbethoxymethyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)phthalamic acid as a hygroscopicglass. Elemental analysis gives 43.72% carbon, 4.76% hydrogen and 9.20%phosphorus as against calculated values of 43.25%, 4.84% and 9.29% forC₁₃ H₁₆ NO₈ P. ##STR20##

EXAMPLE XIX

To a 28.6 grams (0.03 mole) portion of the disodium salt ofN-phosphonomethylglycine, prepared as described in previous examples,there is added 4.2 grams (0.015 mole) ofcyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride. A pH of about 8 ismaintained with periodic additions of alkali, and further anhydride, in4.2 grams and 1.0 gram portions, are added to complete the reaction. Thereaction mixture is diluted with water and passed through a column ofion exchange resin in the acid form. The second through fourth 20 ml.cuts are collected and dried to yieldN-carboxymethyl-N-phosphonomethyl-2,3,4-tricarboxycyclobutanecarboxamide(in the monohydrate form) as a cream colored brittle foam. Elementalanalysis gives 33.38% carbon, 3.94% hydrogen, 3.27% nitrogen and 7.31%phosphorus as against calculated values of 32.93%, 4.02%, 3.49% and7.72% for C₁₁ H₁₄ NO₁₂ P.H₂ O. ##STR21##

EXAMPLE XX

To a 0.02 mole portion of the disodium salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine,prepared as described in previous examples, there is added 3.2 grams(0.01 mole) of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride. A pHof about 8 is maintained with periodic additions of alkali, and furtheranhydride, in 3.2 grams and 1.0 gram portions, are added to complete thereaction. The reaction mixture is diluted with water and passed througha column of ion exchange resin in the acid form. The second and third 20ml. cuts are combined and dried to yield4-(3',4-dicarboxybenzoyl)-N-carboxymethyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)phthalamicacid (in the monohydrate form) as a tan glass. Elemental analysis gives44.18% carbon, 3.47% hydrogen, 2.77% nitrogen and 6.12% phosphorus asagainst calculated values of 45.55%, 3.44%, 2.66% and 5.87% for C₂₀ H₁₆NO₁₃ P.H₂ O. ##STR22##

The post-emergence herbicidal activity of various compounds of thisinvention is demonstrated as follows. The active ingredients are appliedin spray form to 14-21 day-old specimens of various plant species. Thespray, an aqueous solution containing active ingredient and a surfactant(35 parts butylamine salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and 65 partstall oil condensed with ethylene oxide in the ratio of 11 moles ethyleneoxide to 1 mole tall oil), is applied to the plants in different sets ofpans at several rates (kg per hectare) of active ingredient. The treatedplants are placed in a greenhouse and the effects are observed andrecorded after approximately 2 weeks or approximately 4 weeks. The datais given in Tables I and II.

The post-emergence herbicidal activity index used in Table I and II isas follows:

    ______________________________________                                        Plant Response         Index                                                  ______________________________________                                        0-24% Killed           0                                                      25-49% Killed          1                                                      50-74% Killed          2                                                      75-99% Killed          3                                                      All Killed             4                                                      Species Not Present    *                                                      ______________________________________                                    

In said Tables, WAT indicates weeks after treatment, and the plantspecies treated are each represented by a code letter as follows:

A--Canada Thistle

B--Cocklebur

C--Velvet Leaf

D--Morning Glory

E--Lambsquarter

F--Smartweed

G--Nutsedge

H--Quackgrass

I--Johnson Grass

J--Downy Brome

K--Barnyard Grass

L--Soybean

M--Sugar Beet

N--Wheat

O--Rice

P--Sorghum

Q--Wild Buckwheat

R--Hemp Sesbania

S--Panicum Spp

T--Crabgrass

                                      TABLE I                                     __________________________________________________________________________                kg Plant Species                                                  Compound                                                                             WAT  h  A B C D E F G H I J K                                          __________________________________________________________________________    I      2    11.2                                                                             4 3 2 2 4 4 2 4 3 2 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             4 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 4 2 4                                                 2    5.6                                                                              2 2 2 1 * 3 2 3 3 2 4                                                 4    5.6                                                                              2 2 2 1 * 3 3 4 3 3 4                                          II     2    11.2                                                                             0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0                                                 2    5.6                                                                              0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0                                          III    2    11.2                                                                             2 2 3 2 3 2 2 1 3 2 2                                                 4    11.2                                                                             2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 4 3 2                                                 2    5.6                                                                              2 3 1 2 2 4 2 2 3 2 2                                                 4    5.6                                                                              2 4 1 3 1 4 3 3 4 1 3                                          IV     2    11.2                                                                             2 3 3 2 4 4 1 4 4 3 4                                                 4    11.2                                                                             2 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4                                                 2    5.6                                                                              2 3 2 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 3                                                 4    5.6                                                                              2 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 4 3 4                                                 2    11.2                                                                             3 4 3 3 2 4 1 2 3 3 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3                                                 2    5.6                                                                              3 3 3 2 3 4 1 3 3 2 2                                                 4    5.6                                                                              2 4 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 2 3                                          V      2    11.2                                                                             3 4 2 2 4 4 3 4 3 3 4                                                 4    11.2                                                                             4 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 3 4 4                                                 2    5.6                                                                              2 2 1 1 2 4 * 1 3 1 3                                                 4    5.6                                                                              2 2 2 2 2 4 * 2 4 1 4                                          VI     2    11.2                                                                             3 2 1 1 3 2 3 2 4 2 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             3 2 1 2 4 2 3 3 4 3 4                                                 2    5.6                                                                              2 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 2                                                 4    5.6                                                                              2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 3 1 3                                          VII    2    11.2                                                                             4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 * 2 4                                                 4    11.2                                                                             4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 * 2 4                                                 2    5.6                                                                              4 4 3 2 4 4 2 4 4 3 4                                                 4    5.6                                                                              4 4 3 2 4 4 2 4 4 3 4                                                 2    11.2                                                                             3 4 4 3 2 4 2 3 4 3 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             4 4 4 4 1 4 3 3 4 3 3                                                 2    5.6                                                                              3 4 3 2 1 4 1 1 * 3 2                                                 4    5.6                                                                              4 4 3 2 2 4 2 2 * 2 3                                          VIII   2    11.2                                                                             2 3 1 1 3 4 2 2 3 2 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             3 3 2 2 4 4 2 3 3 3 3                                                 2    5.6                                                                              3 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 2                                                 4    5.6                                                                              4 2 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 3                                          IX     2    11.2                                                                             4 3 2 1 3 4 2 3 4 2 4                                                 4    11.2                                                                             4 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 4                                                 2    5.6                                                                              2 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 2 3                                                 4    5.6                                                                              2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 4 3 4                                          X      2    11.2                                                                             3 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 2 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4                                                 2    5.6                                                                              3 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 3                                                 4    5.6                                                                              3 4 3 2 2 4 3 4 4 3 3                                          XI     2    11.2                                                                             1 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             4 4 1 1 4 4 4 3 2 3 4                                                 2    5.6                                                                              1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 3                                                 4    5.6                                                                              2 4 1 1 4 3 2 3 3 3 4                                          XII    2    11.2                                                                             2 2 3 2 3 4 2 2 2 3 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             3 3 4 3 4 4 2 4 2 4 3                                                 2    5.6                                                                              4 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 3                                                 4    5.6                                                                              4 2 2 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 4                                          XIII   2    11.2                                                                             3 4 3 2 4 4 1 3 2 3 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 3 4 4                                                 2    5.6                                                                              3 3 3 2 4 4 1 1 1 3 3                                                 4    5.6                                                                              3 3 3 2 4 4 2 1 1 3 3                                          XIV    2    11.2                                                                             3 2 3 2 3 3 1 3 1 3 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             4 3 4 2 4 4 2 3 1 3 3                                                 2    5.6                                                                              2 2 2 2 3 3 1 2 0 2 3                                                 5.6  3  3 2 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 3                                            XV     2    11.2                                                                             4 2 3 2 3 3 1 2 0 2 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             4 2 4 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 3                                                 2    5.6                                                                              1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1                                                 4    5.6                                                                              2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1                                          XVI    2    11.2                                                                             3 3 3 2 4 4 3 3 3 3 3                                                 2    5.6                                                                              4 3 2 2 4 3 2 3 2 3 3                                          XVII   2    11.2                                                                             2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3                                                 2    5.6                                                                              1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 2                                          XVIII  2    11.2                                                                             3 3 2 2 2 4 3 3 3 2 3                                                 4    11.2                                                                             4 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4                                                 2    5.6                                                                              3 3 3 2 2 4 3 3 4 3 3                                                 4    5.6                                                                              4 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4                                          XIX    2    11.2                                                                             2 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 2                                                 4    11.2                                                                             2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 1 1 2                                                 2    5.6                                                                              1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 1                                                 4    5.6                                                                              2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1                                          XX     2    11.2                                                                             3 3 3 2 4 4 3 3 2 3 3                                          __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE II                                    __________________________________________________________________________                kg   Plant Species                                                Compound                                                                             WAT  h    L M N O P B Q D R E F C J S K T                              __________________________________________________________________________    I      2    5.6  3 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4                                     4    5.6  3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 3 2 4                                     4    1.12 1 4 2 1 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 4 3 4                                     2    .28  1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1                                     4    .28  0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 2 2 3                                     2    .056 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2                              III    2    5.6  3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 2 3 4 3 3                                     4    5.6  3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 4 4 2 3 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 3                                     4    1.12 0 2 2 1 4 1 2 2 0 1 1 1 2 4 2 3                                     2    .28  0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 2                                     4    .28  0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 2 1 1                              IV     2    5.6  1 4 4 3 3 3 2 1 1 4 4 2 4 4 3 4                                     4    5.6  1 4 4 3 4 4 3 1 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 0 4 3 1 3 2 1 1 1 4 3 1 2 4 2 4                                     4    1.12 0 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 4 3 1 3 4 3 4                                     2    .28  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3                                     2    .056 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1                              V      2    5.6  3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4                                     4    5.6  3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 1 2 4 3 4                                     4    1.12 1 3 3 1 3 2 0 2 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 4                                     2    .28  0 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 3                                     4    .28  0 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 0 1 4 0 2 4 2 4                              VI     2    5.6  2 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 2 4 4 3 3 4 4 4                                     4    5.6  3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 3 3 1 3 2 2 2 1 4 4 2 2 4 3 4                                     4    1.12 1 4 3 1 4 3 2 2 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4                                     2    .28  0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 2 1 3                                     4    .28  0 4 1 1 2 1 0 1 0 3 3 0 1 3 1 4                                     2    .056 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0                              VII    2    5.6  3 4 4 2 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 3 4 3 4                                     4    5.6  3 4 4 3 4 4 4 2 1 3 3 3 3 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 3 3 2 4                                     4    1.12 1 3 3 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 3 4 3 4                                     2    .28  0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 3                                     4    .28  0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 3                                     2    .056 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 2                                     4    .056 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 3 2 3                              VIII   2    5.6  1 3 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 4 4 3 3 4 3 4                                     4    5.6  1 4 4 2 4 3 3 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 4 1 2 4 2 3                                     4    1.12 1 4 3 4 4 2 3 2 1 3 4 1 3 4 3 4                                     2    .28  0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 1 3                                     4    .28  0 1 0 0 3 1 0 1 0 3 4 0 1 1 1 3                                     2    .056 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1                              IX     2    5.6  3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4                                     4    5.6  3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 3 3                                     4    1.12 1 4 3 1 4 3 2 2 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4                                     2    .28  0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 2 1 3                                     4    .28  0 4 1 1 2 1 0 1 0 3 3 0 1 3 1 4                                     2    .056 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0                              VII    2    5.6  3 4 4 2 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 3 4 3 4                                     2    5.6  3 4 4 3 4 4 4 2 1 3 3 3 3 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 3 3 2 4                                     4    1.12 1 3 3 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 3 4 3 4                                     2    .28  0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 3                                     4    .28  0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 3                                     2    .056 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 2                                     4    .056 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 3 2 3                              VIII   2    5.6  1 3 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 4 4 3 3 4 3 4                                     4    5.6  1 4 4 2 4 3 3 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 4 1 2 4 2 3                                     4    1.12 1 4 3 4 4 2 3 2 1 3 4 1 3 4 3 4                                     2    .28  0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 1 3                                     4    .28  0 1 0 0 3 1 0 1 0 3 4 0 1 1 1 3                                     2    .056 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1                              IX     2    5.6  3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4                                     4    5.6  3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 3 3                                     4    1.12 0 4 3 1 4 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 3 3                                     2    .28  0 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 3                                     4    .28  0 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 3 4 2 3                                     2    .056 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                              X      2    1.12 0 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 4 4 1 2 4 3 3                                     4    1.12 1 4 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 4 4 0 3 4 3 3                                     2    .28  2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 4 4 0 1 1 1 3                                     4    .28  2 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 4 4 0 1 1 1 4                                     2    .056 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                              XI     2    5.6  1 4 4 1 3 3 4 2 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 4                                     4    5.6  1 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 0 4 2 0 3 2 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 3                                     4    1.12 0 4 2 0 3 2 2 1 0 4 2 1 1 4 3 3                                     2    .28  0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2                                     4    .28  0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2                                     2    .056 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1                              XII    2    5.6  3 4 4 4 2 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3                                     4    5.6  4 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 4 2 1 1 1 2 2 4 4 4 3 1 4 2 3                                     4    1.12 1 4 2 3 2 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4                                     2    .28  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1                                     4    .28  1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0                                     2    .056 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                              XIII   2    5.6  3 4 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 4                                     4    5.6  3 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4                                     2    1.12 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 1 1 3 3 3                                     4    1.12 1 3 2 2 3 3 1 1 4 3 4 1 1 3 3 3                                     2    .28  1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1                                     4    .28  1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 2                                     2    .056 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1                              XIV    2    5.6  2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 3 4                                     4    5.6  3 3 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 4 4 2 3 4 3 4                                     2    1.12 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2                                     4    1.12 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 0 1 2 1 2                                     2    .28  0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1                              XV     2    5.6  2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2                                     4    5.6  2 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 3                                     2    1.12 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1                                     4    1.12 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1                                     2    .28  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                              XVIII  2    1.12 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 1 0 4 4 0 1 4 3 4                                     4    1.12 1 3 2 2 4 3 3 2 0 4 4 0 4 4 3 4                                     2    .28  0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 2 1 3                                     4    .28  0 1 2 1 2 2 0 1 0 3 4 0 1 2 3 3                                     2    .056 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0                              XIX    2    5.6  3 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 4 3 2 3 3 3 3                                     2    1.12 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 3                                       2    .28  1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1                              __________________________________________________________________________

In Table I, the last four lines of data for compound IV and the lastfour lines of data for compound VII represent the results of tests inwhich the active ingredient is applied as a simple aqueous solutionwithout the surfactant additive used in all other tests.

From the data presented in the Tables above, it will be apparent thatthe exemplified compounds of the present invention are effectivepost-emergent herbicides. However, it should be noted that such dataalso demonstrate that these compounds display a selectivity of actionwith respect to the spectrum of plant species employed in the testprocedures. Since each of said plant species is selected as arepresentative of a larger family of plants (e.g., wildbuckwheat--Polygonaceae; lampsquarter--Chenopodioceae), those skilled inthe art will readily recognize the agronomic crop/weed situations inwhich this selectivity will be highly desirable.

The phytotoxicant compositions, including concentrates which requiredilution prior to application of the plants, of this invention containat least one active ingredient and an adjuvant in liquid or solid form.The compositions are prepared by admixing the active ingredient with anadjuvant including diluents, extenders, carriers and conditioning agentsto provide compositions in the form of finely-divided particulatesolids, pellets, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. Thus the activeingredient can be used with an adjuvant such as a finely-divided solid,a liquid of organic origin, water, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent,an emulsifying agent or any suitable combination of these. From theviewpoint of economy and convenience, water is the preferred diluent,particularly where the active ingredient is water soluble.

The phytotoxicant compositions of this invention, particularly liquids,preferably contain as a conditioning agent one or more surface-activeagents in amounts sufficient to render a given composition readilydispersible in water or in oil. The incorporation of a surface-activeagent into the compositions greatly enhances their efficacy. By the term"surface-active agent" it is understood that wetting agents, dispersingagents, suspending agents and emulsifying agents are included therein.Anionic, cationic and non-ionic agents can be used with equal facility.

Preferred wetting agents are alkyl benzene and alkyl naphthalenesulfonates, sulfated fatty alcohols, amines or acid amides, long chainacid esters of sodium isethionate, esters of sodium sulfosuccinate,sulfated or sulfonated fatty acid esters, petroleum sulfonates,sulfonated vegetable oils, polyoxyethylene derivatives of alkylphenols(particularly isooctylphenol and nonylphenol) and polyoxyethylenederivatives of the mono-higher fatty acid esters of hexitol anhydrides(e.g., sorbitan). Preferred dispersants are methyl cellulose, polyvinylalcohol, sodium lignin sulfonates, polymeric alkyl naphthalenesulfonates, sodium naphthalene sulfonate, polymethylenebisnaphthalenesulfonate and sodium N-methyl-N(long chain acid)taurates.

Water-dispersible powder compositions can be made containing one or moreactive ingredients, an inert solid extender and one or more wetting anddispersing agents. The inert solid extenders are usually of mineralorigin such as the natural clays, diatomaceous earth and syntheticminerals derived from silica and the like. Examples of such extendersinclude kaolinites, attapulgite clay and synthetic magnesium silicate.The water-dispersible compositions of this invention usually containfrom about 5 to about 95 parts by weight of active ingredient, fromabout 0.25 to 25 parts by weight of wetting agent, from about 0.25 to 25parts by weight of dispersant and from 4.5 to 94.5 parts by weight ofinert extender, all parts being by weight of the total composition.Where required, from about 0.1 to 2.0 parts by weight of the inertextender can be replaced by a corrosion inhibitor or antifoaming agentor both.

Aqueous suspensions can be prepared by mixing together and grinding anaqueous slurry of water-insoluble active ingredient in the presence ofdispersing agents to obtain a concentrated slurry of very finely-dividedparticles. The resulting concentrated aqueous suspension ischaracterized by its extremely small particle size, so that when dilutedand sprayed, coverage is very uniform and usually contains from 5 toabout 95 parts by weight active ingredient, from about 0.25 to 25 partsby weight dispersant, and from about 4.5 to 94.5 parts by weight ofwater.

Emulsifiable oils are usually solutions of active ingredient inwater-immiscible or partially water-immiscible solvents together with asurface active agent. Suitable solvents for the active ingredient ofthis invention include hydrocarbons and water-immiscible ethers, estersor ketones. The emulsifiable oil compositions generally contain fromabout 5 to 95 parts active ingredient, about 1 to 50 parts surfaceactive agent and about 4 to 94 parts solvent, all parts being by weightbased on the total weight of emulsifiable oil.

Although compositions of this invention can also contain otheradditaments, for example, fertilizers, phytotoxicants and plant growthregulants, pesticides and the like used as adjuvants or in combinationwith any of the above-described adjuvants, it is preferred to employ thecompositions of this invention alone with sequential treatments with theother phytotoxicants, fertilizers and the like for maximum effect. Forexample, the field could be sprayed with a composition of this inventioneither before or after being treated with fertilizers, otherphytotoxicants and the like. The compositions of this invention can alsobe admixed with the other materials, e.g. fertilizers, otherphytotoxicants, etc., and applied in a single application. Chemicalsuseful in combination with the active ingredients of this inventioneither simultaneously or sequentially include for example triazines,ureas, carbamates, acetamides, acetanilides, uracils, acetic acids,phenols, thiolcarbamates, triazoles, benzoic acids, nitriles and thelike such as:

3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid

3-amino-1,2,4-triazole

2-methoxy-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine

2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine

2-chloro-N,N-diallylacetamide

2-chloroallyl diethyldithiocarbamate

N'-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl-N,N-dimethylurea

1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride

isopropyl m-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate

2,2-dichloropropionic acid

S-2,3-dichloroallyl N,N-diisopropylthiolcarbamate

2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid

2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile

N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide

6,7-dihydrodipyrido(1,2-a:2',1'-c)-pyrazidiinium salt

3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea

4,6-dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol

2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol

ethyl N,N-dipropylthiolcarbamate

2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid

5-bromo-3-isopropyl-6-methyluracil

3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea

2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid

3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea

1-butyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea

N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid

1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium salt

2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine

2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine

2,4-dichlorophenyl-4-nitrophenyl ether

alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine

S-propyl dipropylthiolcarbamate

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

N-isopropyl-2-chloroacetanilide

2',6'-diethyl-N-methoxymethyl-2-chloroacetanilide

monosodium acid methanearsonate

disodium methanearsonate

N-(1,1-dimethylpropynyl)-3,5-dichlorobenzamide

Fertilizers useful in combination with the active ingredients includefor example ammonium nitrate, urea, potash, and superphosphate.

When operating in accordance with the present invention, effectiveamounts of the glycines are applied to above-ground portions of plants.The application of liquid and particulate solid herbicidal compositionsto above-ground portions of plants can be carried out by conventionalmethods, e.g. power dusters, boom and hand sprayers and spray dusters.The compositions can also be applied from airplanes as a dust or a spraybecause of their effectiveness at low dosages. The application ofherbicidal compositions to aquatic plants is usually carried out byspraying the compositions on the aquatic plants in the area wherecontrol of the aquatic plants is desired.

The application of an effective amount of the compounds of thisinvention to the plant is essential and critical for the practice of thepresent invention. The exact amount of active ingredient to be employedis dependent upon the response desired in the plant as well as suchother factors as the plant species and stage of development thereof, andthe amount of rainfall as well as the specific glycine employed. Infoliar treatment for the control of vegetative growth, the activeingredients are applied in amounts from about 0.25 to about 22.4 or morekilograms per hectare. In applications for control of aquatic plants,the active ingredients are applied in amounts of from about 0.01 partsper million to about 1000 parts per million, based on the aquaticmedium. An effective amount for phytotoxic or herbicidal control is thatamount necessary for overall or selective control, i.e. a phytotoxic orherbicidal amount. It is believed that one skilled in the art canreadily determine from the teachings of this specification, includingexamples, the approximate application rate.

Although the invention is described with respect to specificmodifications, the details thereof are not to be construed aslimitations except to the extent indicated in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A herbicidal method which comprises contacting aplant with a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of the formula##STR23## wherein Y is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl and alkalimetal, each Z is selected from hydrogen an alkali metal, and R isselected from vinylene, methylvinylene, alkylene having a chain lengthof 2 to 3 carbon atoms between the free valences and a total of up to 8carbon atoms, the monochloro derivatives of such vinylene and alkylene,phenylene, carboxyphenylene, 3-nitrophenylene, tolylene,cyclohexenylene, methylcyclohexenylene, cycloalkylene of 4 to 6 carbonatoms, dicarboxycycloalkylene of 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms,dicarboxybenzoylphenylene, nobornenylene, norbornylidene,N-methylpyrrolylidine, pyridylidene, picolylidene and thienylidene,provided that the free valences on the cyclic radicals must be in orthorelationship with respect to the ring carbon atoms.
 2. A herbicidalmethod as defined in claim 1 wherein R is selected from phenylene,cyclohexenylene and alkylene having a chain length of 2 to 3 carbonatoms between the free valences and a total of up to 5 carbon atoms. 3.A herbicidal method as defined in claim 1 wherein said compound isemployed at a rate of about 0.25 to 22.4 kilograms per hectare.
 4. Aherbicidal method as defined in claim 2 wherein Y and Z are alkalimetal.
 5. A herbicidal method as defined in claim 2 wherein Y is loweralkyl.
 6. A herbicidal method as defined in claim 2 wherein R isphenylene.
 7. A herbicidal method as defined in claim 2 wherein R iscyclohexenylene.
 8. A herbicidal method as defined in claim 2 wherein Ris alkylene having a chain length of 2 to 3 carbon atoms between thefree valences and a total of up to 5 carbon atoms.
 9. A herbicidalmethod as defined in claim 1 wherein R is cycloalkylene of 4 to 6 carbonatoms.
 10. A herbicidal method as defined in claim 1 wherein R istolylene.
 11. A herbicidal method as defined in claim 1 wherein R ispyridylidene.
 12. A herbicidal method as defined in claim 1 wherein Yand Z are hydrogen.
 13. A herbicidal method as defined in claim 1wherein Y is lower alkyl and Z is hydrogen.